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Table of Contents

1. Installation
2. Source Code
   • Requirements
     • Editors
     • Installers
   • Solution Overview
     • Core Libraries
       • TweetLib.Core
       • TweetLib.Browser
       • TweetLib.Browser.CEF
     • Windows Projects
       • TweetDuck
       • TweetDuck.Browser
       • TweetDuck.Video
       • TweetImpl.CefSharp
     • Linux Projects
       • TweetDuck
       • TweetImpl.CefGlue
     • Miscellaneous
       • TweetLib.Communication
       • TweetLib.Utils
       • TweetTest.*
3. Development (Windows)
   • Building
   • Debugging
   • Release
     • Installers
4. Development (Linux)
   • Building
   • Release

Installation

Download links and system requirements are on the official website.

Source Code

Requirements

Building TweetDuck for Windows requires at minimum Visual Studio 2019 and Windows 7. Before opening the solution, open Visual Studio Installer and make sure you have the following Visual Studio workloads and components installed:

• .NET desktop development
  • .NET Framework 4.7.2 targeting pack
  • F# desktop language support
• Desktop development with C++
  • MSVC v142 - VS 2019 C++ x64/x86 build tools (v14.20 / Latest)

In the Installation details panel, you can expand the workloads you selected, and uncheck any components that are not listed above to save space.

Building TweetDuck for Linux requires .NET 5. The Linux project has its own solution file in the linux/ folder.

Editors

For editing code, I recommend either:

• Visual Studio for C# / F# + VS Code for the rest (free when using the Community edition of Visual Studio)
• Rider for all languages (paid)

Icons and logos were designed in Affinity Designer (paid). The original design projects are in the resources/Design/ folder (.afdesign extension).

Installers

If you don't want to build installers using the existing foundations, you can skip this section.

Official Windows installers are built using InnoSetup and Inno Download Plugin, specifically:

• InnoSetup 5.6.1 with Preprocessor support
• Inno Download Plugin 1.5.0

When installing InnoSetup, you can choose to include Inno Script Studio which I recommend for editing and testing installer configuration files in the bld folder (.iss extension).

Scripts for building installers require the PATH environment variable to include the InnoSetup installation folder. You can either edit PATH manually, or use a program like Rapid Environment Editor to simplify the process. For example, this is the installation folder I added to PATH under User variables:

• C:\Program Files (x86)\Inno Setup 5

You may need to restart Visual Studio after changing PATH for the change to take place.

Solution Overview

Open the solution file TweetDuck.sln (or linux/TweetDuck.Linux.sln) in an IDE, and use the Restore NuGet Packages option in your IDE to install dependencies.

On Windows, TweetDuck uses the CefSharp library for the browser component, and Windows Forms for the GUI.

On Linux, TweetDuck uses the ChromiumGtk library, which combines CefGlue for the browser component and GtkSharp for the GUI.

The solution contains several C# projects for executables and libraries, and F# projects for automated tests.

Projects are organized into folders:

• Windows projects are in the windows/ folder, and target .NET Framework 4.7.2 + C# 8.0
• Linux projects are in the linux/ folder, and target .NET 5 + C#
• Libraries (TweetLib.*) are in the lib/ folder, and target .NET Standard 2.0 + C# 9.0
• Tests (TweetTest.*) are also in the lib/ folder, and target .NET Framework 4.7.2 + F#

Here are a few things to keep in mind:

• Executable projects have their entry points in Program.cs
• Library projects targeting .NET Standard have their assembly information in Lib.cs
• All non-test projects include a link to the Version.cs file in the root of the repository, which allows changing the version of all executables and library files in one place

Web resource files (HTML, CSS, JS) are in the Resources/ folder:

• Resources/Content/ contains all the core features of TweetDuck injected into the browser components
• Resources/Guide/ contains the official TweetDuck guide that opens as a popup
• Resources/Plugins/ contains all official plugins, and a .debug plugin for testing

These resource folders are linked as part of the TweetLib.Core project so they can be edited directly within an IDE. Alternatively, you can edit them using VS Code by opening the workspace file Resources/..code-workspace.

Core Libraries

TweetLib.Core

This library contains the core TweetDuck application and browser logic. It is built around simple dependency injection that makes it independent of any concrete OS, GUI framework, or browser implementation.

To simplify porting to other systems, it is not necessary to implement all interfaces, but some functionality will be missing (for ex. if clipboard-related interfaces are not implemented, then context menus will not contain options to copy text or images to clipboard).

TweetLib.Browser

This library provides a zero-dependency abstraction of browser components and logic. It defines interfaces, events, and container objects that are used by the TweetLib.Core library to describe how a browser should behave, while making as few assumptions about the actual browser implementation as possible.

TweetLib.Browser.CEF

This library is a partial implementation of TweetLib.Browser based on CEF interfaces and conventions.

While TweetLib.Browser is highly generic, most browser libraries are likely to be using some form of CEF, so this library significantly reduces the amount of work required to swap between browser libraries that are based on CEF.

Windows Projects

TweetDuck

Main Windows executable. It has a dependency on CefSharp and Windows Forms. Here you will find the entry point that bootstraps the main application, as well as code for GUIs and Windows-specific functionality.

TweetDuck.Browser

Windows executable that hosts various Chromium processes. It depends on two specific DLLs from the CefSharp package. After updating CefSharp, run the windows/TweetDuck/Resources/PostCefUpdate.ps1 PowerShell script to update these dependencies to the new version.

TweetDuck.Video

Windows executable that hosts a video player, which is based on the WMPLib ActiveX component responsible for integrating Windows Media Player into .NET Framework.

By default, CefSharp is not built with support for H.264 video playback due to software patent nonsense, and even though TweetDuck could be moved entirely to Europe where MPEG LA's patent means nothing, it would require building a custom version of Chromium which requires too many resources. Instead, when a Twitter video played, TweetDuck launches this video player process, which uses Windows Media Player to play H.264 videos.

TweetImpl.CefSharp

Windows library that implements TweetLib.Browser.CEF using the CefSharp library and Windows Forms.

Linux Projects

TweetDuck

Main Linux executable. It has a transitive dependency on ChromiumGtk. Here you will find the entry point that bootstraps the main application, as well as code for GUIs and Linux-specific functionality.

TweetImpl.CefGlue

Linux library that implements TweetLib.Browser.CEF using ChromiumGtk, which is based on CefGlue and GtkSharp.

Miscellaneous

TweetLib.Communication

This library provides a DuplexPipe class for two-way communication between processes.

TweetLib.Utils

This library contains various utilities that fill some very specific holes in the .NET standard library.

TweetTest.*

These are F# projects with automated tests.

Development (Windows)

When developing with Rider, it must be configured to use MSBuild from Visual Studio, and the DevEnvDir property must be set to the full path to the Common7\IDE folder which is inside Visual Studio's installation folder. You can set both in File | Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Toolset and Build:

1. Click the MSBuild version drop-down, and select the path that includes the Visual Studio installation folder.
2. Click the Edit button next to MSBuild global properties.
3. Add a new property named DevEnvDir, and set its value to the full path to Common7\IDE. For example:
   • VS 2019 Community - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\Common7\IDE
   • VS 2022 Community - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE

Building

The windows/TweetDuck/TweetDuck.csproj project file has several tasks (targets) that run before and after a build:

• PreBuildEvent runs a PowerShell script that kills TweetDuck.Browser processes, in case they got stuck
• CopyResources copies resource files into the build folder, and patches and validates them using the PostBuild.ps1 PowerShell script
• FinalizeDebug copies a debug plugin (Resources/Plugins/.debug) into the build folder (Debug only)
• FinalizeRelease prepares the build folder for publishing, and if InnoSetup is installed, regenerates the update installer (Release only)

If the build fails, usually with an error like The command (...) exited with code 1, open the Output tab for detailed logs. A possible cause is the PostBuild.ps1 script's file validation:

• Resources/Plugins/emoji-keyboard/emoji-ordering.txt line endings must be LF (line feed); if the file contains any CR (carriage return) characters, the build will fail

Debugging

The Debug configuration uses a separate data folder by default (%LOCALAPPDATA%\TweetDuckDebug) to avoid affecting an existing installation of TweetDuck. You can modify this by opening TweetDuck Properties in Visual Studio, clicking the Debug tab, and changing the Command line arguments field.

While debugging, opening the main menu and clicking Reload browser automatically applies all changes to HTML/CSS/JS files in the Resources/ folder. This allows editing and testing resource files without restarting the program, but it will cause a short delay between browser reloads.

Release

Open Batch Build, tick all Release configurations with x86 platform, and click Rebuild. Check the status bar to make sure it says Rebuild All succeeded; if not, see the end of the Building section.

If the build succeeds, the windows/TweetDuck/bin/x86/Release folder will contain files intended for distribution (no debug symbols or other unnecessary files). You may package these files yourself, or see the Installers section for automated installer generation.

If you decide to publicly release a custom version, please change all references to the TweetDuck name, website, and other links such as the issue tracker. The source files contain several constants and references to the official website and this repository, so don't forget to search all files for chylex.com and github.com in all files and replace them appropriately.

Installers

If you have all the requirements for building installers, you can generate them by running bld/GEN INSTALLERS.bat. Note that this will only package the files, you still need to create a release build in Visual Studio first!

After the window closes, three installers will be generated inside the bld/Output/ folder:

• TweetDuck.exe
  • This is the main installer that creates entries in the Start Menu & Programs and Features, and an optional desktop icon
• TweetDuck.Update.exe
  • This is a lightweight update installer that only contains the most important files that usually change across releases
  • It will automatically download and apply the full installer if the user's current version of CEF does not match
• TweetDuck.Portable.exe
  • This is a portable installer that does not need administrator privileges
  • It automatically creates a makeportable file in the program folder, which forces TweetDuck to run in portable mode

If you plan to distribute your own installers, you can change the variables in the .iss installer files and in the update system to point to your own repository, and use the power of the existing update system.

There is a small chance running GEN INSTALLERS.bat immediately shows a resource error. If that happens, close the console window (which terminates all Inno Setup processes and leaves corrupted installers in the output folder), and run it again.

Running GEN INSTALLERS.bat uses about 400 MB of RAM due to high compression. You can lower this to about 140 MB by opening gen_full.iss and gen_port.iss, and changing LZMADictionarySize=15360 to LZMADictionarySize=4096.

Development (Linux)

Unfortunately the development experience on Linux is terrible, likely due to mixed C# and native code. The .NET debugger seems to crash the moment it enters native code, so the only way to run the app is without the debugger attached. If any C# code throws an exception, it will crash the whole application with no usable stack trace or error message. Please let me know if you find a way to make this better.

Building

The linux/TweetDuck/TweetDuck.csproj project file has several tasks (targets) that run after a build:

• CopyResources copies resource files into the build folder, and patches and validates them using the build.sh Bash script
• FinalizeDebug copies a debug plugin (Resources/Plugins/.debug) into the build folder (Debug only)
• FinalizeRelease prepares the build folder for publishing (Release only)

Release

To change the application version before a release, search for the <Version> tag in every .csproj file in the linux/ folder and modify it.

To build the application, execute the linux/publish.sh Bash script. This will build the Release configuration for the linux-x64 runtime platform, and create a tarball in the linux/bld/ folder.

If you decide to publicly release a custom version, please change all references to the TweetDuck name, website, and other links such as the issue tracker. The source files contain several constants and references to the official website and this repository, so don't forget to search all files for chylex.com and github.com in all files and replace them appropriately.